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Colour and Colours

Colour and Colours

We are in a world where colours dominate our lives, from reading signs on the road to seeing if fruit is ripe to eat.

It affects our moods - blue is calming - red can make us tense.

Colour Properties

Each colour has its own properties with its own wavelength and frequency.

Colour properties

Complementary colours

When placed next to each other, complementary colors tend to look balanced and are colors opposite to each other on the color wheel

more about Complementary colours

We use and experience colours everyday in our lives, but what is it?

What is colour

Colour is simply light of different wavelengths and frequencies and light is just one form of energy that we can actually see that is made up from photons.

We are all surrounded by electromagnetic waves of energy of which colour is just a small part.

The visible spectrum of colour as we see it, consists of seven main colours:

We can see seven main colours of the Visible Spectrum

The retinas in our eyes though have three types of colour receptors in the form of cones. We can actually only detect three of these visible colours - red - blue and green. These colours are called additive primaries. It is these three colours that are mixed in our brain to create all of the other colours we see... how clever we are!

The wavelength and frequency of light we see, also influences the colour we see. The seven colours of the spectrum all have varying wavelengths and frequencies. Red is at the lower end of the spectrum and has a higher wavelength but lower frequency to that of Violet at the top end of the spectrum which has a lower wavelength and higher frequency.

Where does colour come from?

Using a prism, we can 'extract' the colours from white light.

Colour simply comes from light.

The prism

To physically see this, we need a prism.

When light from the sun passes through a prism, the light is split into the seven visible colours by refraction.

Refraction is caused by the change in speed experienced by a wave of light when it changes medium.

Light energy

The amount of energy in a given light wave is proportionally related to its frequency, thus a high frequency light wave has a higher energy than that of a low frequency light wave.

Colour is made up of different Wavelengths and Frequencies

Each colour has its own particular wavelength and frequency. Each colour can be measured in units of cycles or waves per second.

If we can imagine light traveling in waves like that in an ocean, it is these waves that have the properties of wavelength and frequency. A wavelength is the distance between the same locations on adjacent waves. As an example; an ocean full of waves, that were 10 meters apart, could be said as, having a wavelength of 10, whereas an ocean of waves that were 30 meters apart would be said as having awavelength of 30.

The same applies to light. The colour RED has a wavelength of around 700 nanometers long - one wave spans only 7 ten millionths of a meter! Whereas, Violet has a much shorter wavelength, so each violet wave would span a much shorter distance.

Waves of Energy

Within the Universe, positive and negative charges (waves of energy), are constantly vibrating and producing electromagnetic waves traveling at an incredibly high speed.(186,000 miles per second, the speed of light.)

Each of these waves has a different wavelength and speed of vibration. Together they form theelectromagnetic spectrum.

Light travels in waves. A wavelength is the distance between the same locations on adjacent waves.

Frequency

The frequency of a wave is determined by the number of complete waves, or wavelengths, that pass a given point each second.

The colour RED has a frequency of around 430 trillion vibrations a second, whereas Violet has a much higher frequency, so each violet wave would pass a given point much quicker than the colour RED.
All light travels at the same speed but each color has a different wavelength and frequency.

Frequency of waves

To try and explain the frequency of colour a little further, imagine that an ocean with waves that are 10 meters apart that crash on the shore every 5 seconds could be classed as having a frequency of 5, whereas an ocean of waves 10 meters apart that crashed on the shore every 10 seconds, would be classed as having a frequency of 10. The more frequent the waves, the HIGHER the frequency.

It is these different wavelengths and frequencies that cause the different colours of light to separate and become visible when passing through a prism. This can be looked upon in the same way that radio waves have different frequencies and wavelengths, certain stations can only be listened to at a particular frequency or wavelength. So the colour blue - say, can only be visible at a particular frequency and wavelength range.

The higher the frequency, of the colour, the closer together the waves of energy are.

Higher frequency colours are - violet - indigo - blue
lower frequency colours are - yellow - orange - red.

A high frequency light wave has a higher energy than that of a low frequency light wave.

Jamuna top floors Lack of regulatory measures causes colossal loss of property; Rajuk could have levied fine

Rajuk starts breaking

Jamuna top floors Lack of regulatory measures causes colossal loss of property; Rajuk could have levied fines

Friday February 05 2010 02:56:28 AM BDT

Several thousand crore taka worth of property face damage as the Rajdhani Unnayan Kartripakkha (Rajuk) yesterday started demolition of unauthorised upper four floors of the 10-storied Jamuna Future Park Shopping Complex in the city.(New Nation)

“We have started the demolition work but do not have adequate preparation as we got the order last night,” Rajuk Director, Development Control Abdul Mannan Sheikh, who was present on the spot during the start of demolition, said.

Rajuk went for the demolition one day after the High Court summarily rejected a writ petition challenging a Rajuk notice that asked Jamuna Future Park Shopping Complex authorities to demolish the unauthorised top four floors of the 10-storey building.

The shopping complex authorities filed the writ petition on January 17 this year.

Rajuk on January 17 gave the Jamuna Future Park authorities seven days' notice to knock down the unauthorised parts of the huge shopping complex claimed to be the largest in South Asia.

The Jamuna Future Park, said to be the largest shopping complex in South Asia, inside the Bashundhara Residential Area has shopping area in the first six floors and office and commercial space in the top four floors.

The corporate office of the Jamuna Group was located on the 9th floor of the huge building.

Jamuna Group officials say, the building had foundation to have 10 floors and was built by maintaining high construction standards.

A joint demolition team comprising Police and Rajuk officials led by Executive Magistrate Rokon-Ud-Doula started the demolition work at around 10:30 AM.

Sources said an application was filed on the day with the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court challenging Wednesday’s HC decision rejecting the writ petition.

Competent sources said Rajuk did not stop the Jamuna Group from going ahead with the huge work at the construction stage. For violation of rules, Rajuk had provision to punish them by imposing fine. But the action now taken amounts to destroying huge national property.

The demolition of the Rangs Bhaban at Panthapath was not opposed much as its construction not only violated Rajuk rules, but also the structure proved to have seriously affected public interest by blocking the construction of a road.

Demolition of the four upper floors of the Jamuna Future Park by the use of hammers might weaken the lower six floors of the building, some Jamuna Group officials feared.

Jamuna Group director Abdul Wadud said they were preparing for appeal against the High Court ruling before the Appellate Division.

Rokon-Ud-Doula said the drive would continue unless there was a court order.

Earlier, a team of plainclothes police from Badda Thana and Rajuk’s demolition workers took position in front of the main gate of the shopping complex around 9:30 AM and barred the employees of the complex from entering the premises.

Four platoons of police joined the demolition workers led by Deputy Commissioner of DMP Monir while Rajuk’s Authorised Officer-2 Shafiqul Islam represented Rajuk. Three more Rajuk officials were present to help Shafiqul.

Rajuk official told The New Nation that the owner of the sprawling complex across 10 acres of land (1000 decimals) had illegally built four floors on top of the approved six floors.

But Nurul Islam, Chief of the Jamuna Future Park development, disagreed with Rajuk and challenged its decision in the court.

A Jamuna employee alleged that the office of the group chairman located on the 9th floor was ransacked during the drive. 

Obama to honor 7 CIA officers killed in Afghanistan blast

February 5, 2010 1:45 a.m. EST

President Obama is seen on a previous visit to CIA headquarters in Langley, Virginia, on April 20, 2009.

STORY HIGHLIGHTS

• Service is to be held Friday morning at CIA headquarters in Langley, Virginia
• 7 CIA officers were killed December 30 in suicide bombing in Afghanistan
• Intelligence analyst says suicide bombing was "a huge blow, symbolically and tactically"

RELATED TOPICS

• Central Intelligence Agency
• Afghanistan
• Barack Obama

Washington (CNN) -- President Obama is scheduled to attend a Friday memorial service for seven CIA officers and contractors killed in Afghanistan in December.

The service is to be held Friday morning at CIA headquarters in Langley, Virginia.

A suicide bomber killed the CIA officers and contractors, as well as a Jordanian intelligence official, on December 30 at a U.S. base in Khost, in southeastern Afghanistan.

The bomber was within seconds of being searched by security contractors when he detonated his explosives, a former intelligence official with knowledge of the incident told CNN in January.

Two of those killed were contractors with private security firm Xe, formerly known as Blackwater, a former intelligence official told CNN. The CIA considers contractors to be officers.

U.S. and Jordanian officials say the bomber, Humam Khalil Abu-Mulal al-Balawi, had been recruited as a counterterrorism intelligence agent, despite concerns over his extremist views. He was being used in the hunt for a senior al Qaeda figure.

Reva Bhalla, director of analysis for the international intelligence company STRATFOR, said in January that the suicide bombing was "a huge blow, symbolically and tactically." The bombing eliminated so many CIA officers, who can take years to become ingrained in the region.

In addition, the attack showed the ability of the Taliban to penetrate perhaps the most difficult of targets -- a CIA base, she said.

Former CIA official Robert Richer called the bombing the greatest loss of life for the agency since the 1983 bombing of the U.S. Embassy in Beirut, Lebanon, which killed eight agents.

from: CNN

Girl, 16, rescued in Haiti

January 27, 2010 9:06 p.m. EST

Teen alive, buried for 15 days

STORY HIGHLIGHTS

• French rescuers believe she'd been buried since the earthquake struck 15 days ago
• Girl was found in poor condition but was stable and talking
• It took six hours to extract her from the rubble
• It's believed that she had access to water in the bathroom of her house.

RELATED TOPICS

• Haiti
• Port-au-Prince
• Earthquakes

Port-au-Prince, Haiti (CNN) -- French rescuers in Haiti on Wednesday pulled from rubble a girl who they believe could have been trapped since the January 12 earthquake.

The 16-year-old girl was found in poor condition but was stable and talking, French spokesman Marcel Orcel said. One of her legs may have been broken, rescuers said.

After a 45-minute effort to extract her from the debris, the girl was transported in a helicopter to the French medical ship Sirocco.

iReport: Haiti's missing and found | Full coverage

Rescuers found the girl after a group of Haitians approached the French embassy in Port-au-Prince and said they could hear a voice in the rubble. The rescuers followed them to the site and made contact with the girl, rescuer Claude Futilla said.

They found the girl dehydrated, weak and with low blood pressure, leading the French crew to believe that she'd been buried since the earthquake struck Haiti 15 days ago, Futilla said. It was believed that she had access to water where she was, in the bathroom of her house.

Finding shelter, aid, supplies

The girl, whose name was not immediately available, said "thank you" in French as she was taken away from the debris on a stretcher, covered with a heating blanket.

Iran crackdown a 'human rights disaster,' report says

Iranian security forces were out during opposition protests in Tehran on December 27.

STORY HIGHLIGHTS

• Group details alleged abuses by government forces following demonstrations
• About 4,000 people have been arrested in post-election crackdown
• Report alleges some detainees have been beaten, tortured, sexually abused
• Parliamentary investigation concluded this month that 147 arrestees were mistreated

RELATED TOPICS

• Iran
• Protests and Demonstrations
• Human Rights Watch

(CNN) -- A human rights group is calling on Iran to free protesters detained after the disputed June 12 presidential election, calling the government's crackdown on its critics a "human rights disaster."

A report released Sunday by New York-based Human Rights Watch details alleged abuses by members of Iran's Revolutionary Guard, Basij militia and police following widespread demonstrations in the wake of hardline President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's re-election over opposition leader Mir Hossein Moussavi.

About 4,000 people have been arrested in the post-election crackdown. The government has confirmed the deaths of at least 37 people in the protests or in detention, seven of those deaths happening in December on Ashura, a major religious observance, the report said, alleging that many detainees have been beaten, tortured and in some cases, sexually abused. The group also says it believes the death toll is much higher.

"The systematic and brutal targeting of demonstrators and government critics by security forces shows that the regime's crackdown is nothing but an attempt to silence voices of dissent," said Joe Stork, the group's deputy director for the Middle East. "Iran's post-election unrest is now a full-blown human rights crisis."

The Iranian government had no immediate response to the report.

Three prison officials have been charged with premeditated murder in the beating deaths of three detainees and a parliamentary investigation concluded earlier this month that 147 protesters arrested July 9 suffered "harsh corporal punishment, humiliating and insulting techniques," and other mistreatment. The investigation did not reveal evidence of rape or other sexual abuse.

Human Rights Watch's study of Iran's alleged abuses was part of the much larger World Report released Wednesday. In the Iran chapter, the group calls on the government to restore rights in Iran by freeing post-election protesters and investigating alleged abuses of demonstrators and detainees, and prosecuting those responsible.